In a week's time we will have the conclusion of Peter Jackson's reworking of the Hobbit. There has been much added to turn such a short book into three movies, but little has been added to the dragon: he can fly, he can talk (and be arrogant, philosophical and curious), he breathes fire, and most inportantly of all, he will do anything for gold.
Exactly what Gandalf thought a hobbit was going to do about this beast is never made clear: Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards, for they are subtle and quick to anger.
But what is charming about JRR Tolkien's Middle Earth is how rarely magic is actually used. Most of the time the hero's had to make their way with cunning, endurance and at times brawn. One wonders if perhaps there is some terrible cost involved in using magic that makes the practitioners so miserly in their usage of it. So how does such a magically creature as a dragon fit in the story?
“It does not do to leave a live dragon out of your calculations, if you live near him.”
How can a dragon fly?
I think the biggest flying animal that has every lived on Earth is a Pterodactyl species called Quetzalcoatlus. With an estimated wing span of 10-11 metres and a weight of 220 kg, it would have causes much consternation to any hobbit that got close.
However, given the lightness of the hollow bones, one toss of a rock by a Hobbit would see it scuttle off quickly.
Even given its impressive dimensions, it too would have been dwarved by Smaug. Although I am not aware of a scale anywhere, Smaug would be on par with some of the bigger dinosaurs. Not quite the size of a fully grown Titanosaur at 77 tonnes (below), but certainly up there.
(One wonders why the Dwarves did not adopt the simple expedient of small doors.)
So how would a, say, 20 tonne Smaug get airborne? Answer: only with magic:
While he may have the wingspan, his muscles just cannot be big enough to generate the thrust. I suggest that in fact his wings are for gliding and magic powers his lift off and landing (and smashing through weight bearing stone architecture). Getting 20 tonnes 100 metres into the air and moving forward at a flight speed of 200 kph would cost 2 GJoules. Keeping the dragon in the air would cost something too, but I accept the wings can convert drag into lift and benefit from some up draft, particularly near mountains, but there would be some ongoing cost in energy. Landing our be expensive too, as bringing 20 tonnes flying at 200 kph to a standstill would take 1.1 GJoules, but again some of that could be drag dissipated as heat.
Gandalf smashing a stone bridge in Moria would have cost a few MJoules and it absolutely left him exhausted. A dragon taking a short flight would cost more than 1000 time that. The extravagant dragon had to be stopped before all the magic was drained from Middle Earth!
How can dragons speak?
Smaug was skilled in the Common Tongue of Middle Earth. Skilled enough to guess at Bilbo's intentions and alliances and try to turn him into acting in his (Bilbo's) self interest. Peter Jackson also credits him with having some understanding of the machinations of Sauron, hence a powerful "theory of the mind" (a facility we share with most primates and a few other mammals, but no reptiles). The mouth and throat of Smaug are always shown as very reptilian, which would almost make speech physically impossible. Peter Jackson gets around this by having the dragon communicate via mental telepathy. Again, this requires magic, but as all you need to do is redirect a few million electrons in the brain of your "listener", it might be quite cheap magic, compared to flight. (Generating the required sound waves, again with magic, would be only slightly more expensive.) There is some suggestion elves can do this too, but Gandalf can't: it would have saved a lot of people a lot of trouble if he could.
JRR Tolkien is silent on the motivation of a dragon to speak. It gained him little against Bilbo. No one else seemed to know that the dragon could speak, so it gained him little with anyone else in the story.
Perhaps, of course, he did not speak, but instead had the ability to incite dread and hallucinations in his potential victims, much like a Cobra. Bilbo feared an enemy who knew his secret and his suspicions about the dwarfish plan. That certainly would remove the necessity of having the ability and energy to smash loading bearing stone architecture, exterminate a large tribe of dwarves in combat and panic a town of people into abandoning their burning buildings.
I do not believe JRR Tolkien wants us to think this, so I suggest that the dragon has magically grown from a smaller creature who regularly conversed with the homonids of Middle Earth, perhaps a dark wizard even.
Why do dragons want gold?
Apart from the obvious that the story would not really work if he didn't love gold, he gains nothing from it. He does not spend it (preferring to take what he wants), does not appear to consume it, and he accounts for it, as noted in the book that he was aware that a gold cup had been taken by Bilbo.
I suggest that he simply extracts his magic from it. Perhaps this is another reasonal Gandalf want some of the least magically folk, the Dwarves, to take over the Misty Mountain again - to preserve that magic for his and his fellow wizards usage. Perhaps too that is why he was angry that the Dwarves went too deep in Moria. The magic in that gold is so strong that it spawns monsters.
Epilogue
I can't wait for Boxing Day. I shall have none of my questions answered, but it should be a fun interpretation of a ripping good yarn.
Recent Comments