Today is the anniversary of the death of Robert E Lee (19 January 1807 to 12 October 1870).
Lee was the commander of the Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War (1861-1865) and one of my favourite generals.
An Interesting Start
On the eve of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln, through Secretary Francis Blair, offered Lee command of the Union Army. Lee was opposed to secession and considered slavery evil. However, Blair’s offer forced Lee to choose between his strong conviction to see the country united and his responsibility to family, friends and his native State of Virginia. After a long night at Arlington, searching for an answer, Lee finally came downstairs and told his wife Mary that he could not lift his hand against his own people. Lee replied to Blair that “…though opposed to secession and a deprecating war, I could take no part in the invasion of the Southern States.” He resigned his commission and left his much beloved Arlington to “go back in sorrow to my people and share the misery of my native state.”
Always Outnumbered and Outgunned
The website of Stratford Hall, a home of the Lees of Virginia, has a great little summary which captures the reasons why I admire General Lee: On June 1, 1862 Robert Edward Lee assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia in the Confederate capital of Richmond. Not until February 1865 was he named Commander in Chief of all Confederate forces, but the leadership throughout the war was undeniably his. His brilliance as a commander is legendary, and military colleges the world over study his compaigns as models of the science of war. That he held out against an army three times the size and a hundred times better equipped was no miracle. It was the result of leadership by a man of exceptional intelligence, daring, courage and integrity. His men all but worshiped him. He shared their rations, slept in tents as they did, and, most importantly, never asked more of them than he did of himself.
Battles
The victories achieved at the command of General Lee included the famous battles of Seven Days, Second Manassas, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Cold Harbor, Spotsylvania and The Wilderness. The losses included Gettysburg, and Antietam (in which Lee fought a much larger army) was inconclusive although a strategic union victory.
General Lee (nicknames The Grey Fox and Marble Man) had the benefit of two outstanding corps commanders, James Longstreet (nicknames Old Pete, Lee's War Horse and Bull of the Woods) and Thomas Jackson (nicknames Stonewall, Old Jack, Old Blue Light and Tom Foot).
Credited his Troops
General Lee always gave credit to his troops. On 10 April 1865 when Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia he issued General Order No. 9 to his army which was his farewell address: After four years of arduous service marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources. I need not tell the survivors of so many hard fought battles, who have remained steadfast to the last, that I have consented to the result from no distrust of them. But feeling that valour and devotion could accomplish nothing that could compensate for the loss that must have attended the continuance of the contest, I have determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their countrymen. By the terms of the agreement, officers and men can return to their homes and remain until exchanged. You will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you his blessing and protection. With an unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your Country, and a grateful rememberance of your kind and generous consideration for myself, I bid you an affectionate farewell.
General Lee had a horse called Traveller, who survived the war and remained with him. Lee on traveller is a well known monument that was erected at the Gettysburg battleground.
A Great Eulogy
In an address before the Southern Historical Society in Atlanta, Georgia in 1874, Benjamin Harvey Hill described Lee as:
... a foe without hate; a friend without treachery; a soldier without cruelty; a victor without oppression, and a victim without murmuring. He was a public officer without vices; a private citizen without wrong; a neighbour without reproach; a Christian without hypocrisy, and a man without guile. He was a Caesar, without his ambition; Frederick, without his tyranny; Napoleon, without his selfishness, and Washington, without his reward.
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